[HAP-09] Reproductive System, Maternal–Fetal Physiology, Parturition & Lactation
HAP-09 • 1. Anatomy & PhysiologyLearning Objectives
Trace the 28-day menstrual cycle (follicular phase estrogen surge → LH surge at Day 14 ovulation → luteal phase corpus luteum progesterone) and contraceptive pharmacology ([9.1]–[9.3]).; Compare uterotonics ([9.5] Oxytocin, [9.6] Misoprostol, [9.7] Methylergometrine, [9.8] Carboprost) in Active Management of Third Stage of Labour (AMTSL) and Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH).; Apply physiological changes in pregnancy (↑plasma volume 40–50%, ↑GFR 50%, ↓albumin) and teratogenicity safety rules to maternal prescribing.
Chapter Overview & Core Explanation
Maternal and reproductive physiology governs ovulation, implantation, placental nutrient transfer, uterine contractions during childbirth, and milk production during breastfeeding—requiring careful drug selection to protect both mother and baby.
Key Exam & Clinical Takeaways
- In a preeclamptic or eclamptic mother with Postpartum Haemorrhage, [9.7] Methylergometrine is strictly contraindicated; use [9.5] Oxytocin, [9.6] Misoprostol, or [9.8] Carboprost (unless asthmatic).
- Loss of the patellar deep tendon reflex is the earliest clinical sign of [9.9] Magnesium Sulfate toxicity (>7–10 mEq/L); reverse immediately with 10 mL of 10% IV [10.10] Calcium Gluconate.